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Comparison of two fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) within a nationwide screening program for CRC

Projectomschrijving

In Nederland is in 2014 gestart met het landelijke bevolkingsonderzoek darmkanker. Dit is gebaseerd op de resultaten van het proefbevolkingsonderzoek. Echter in het proefbevolkingsonderzoek werd de OC-sensor als FIT gebruikt, terwijl in het huidige bevolkingsonderzoek het de FOB-Gold is geworden. Gezien het ontbreken van data hoe de twee FITs zich ten opzichte van elkaar verhouden in detectie van darmkanker en advanced adenomen is deze studie opgezet. In totaal zijn 22.000 deelnemers uit het bevolkingsonderzoek geïncludeerd. Alle deelnemers hebben beide FITs uitgevoerd. De opbrengst van darmkanker en advanced adenomen bleek niet verschillend (1.45% voor FOB-Gold en 1.44% voor OC-Sensor). Om te onderzoeken of er een verschil is tussen OC-sensor en FOBGold in deelname, ontvingen een extra 4.000 mensen één van beide testen. Hoewel het gebruiksgemak tussen de twee testen verschillend werd beoordeeld, leidde dat niet tot een verschil in deelname aan het bevolkingsonderzoek: 937 (49%) mensen retourneerden de FOB-Gold en 951 (50%) de OC-Sensor. 

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Samenvatting van de aanvraag

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second cause of cancer related death in the Netherlands, accounting for over 5100 deaths per year. Due to its high frequency, mortality and morbidity rate and the high socio-economic burden associated with this disease, CRC has become an important and challenging public health problem. The European Code against Cancer recommends that men and women from 50 years of age participate in CRC screening programs. Nationwide screening programs are currently being implemented in several European countries including the Netherlands. Faecal immunochemical tests (FIT, i.e. immunochemical FOBT) are recommended for population-based screening programs. . In the Netherlands, a national population-screening program for CRC is implemented from February 2014 onwards and will be rolled out in 5 years. The program is based on biennial testing with a single, quantitative FIT. The results of pilot-programs in the regions of Amsterdam, Nijmegen and Rijnmond have largely contributed to this nationwide program. Different types of FIT are available on the market. So far, all Dutch pilot studies were performed with the OC-Sensor test (Eiken, Japan), whereas for the nationwide program another type of FIT has been selected by a tender: the FOB-Gold (Sentinel, Italy). Only sparse data on screening with the FOB-Gold are available and none of the previous studies simulated the Dutch population screening setting. In a recently published head-to-head comparison between FOB-Gold and OC-Sensor, 37,999 invitees were invited in a Spanish pilot screening program. This study showed higher true positive rates among OC sensor users, and higher (false) positive rates in FOB Gold users. Another finding in this study was a difference in absolute participation rate of 2-3% in favour of the OC-sensor. The reason for this observed difference is unknown, as the investigators did not survey participants or analyse ease of use of the tests. Data on participation rates, as well as test performance, positivity rate, diagnostic yield and practical use should be obtained in the current Dutch population-based screening setting. Such evidence could be used to further optimize implementation of our nation-wide screening program and would justify adjustments to be made in the program. To obtain unbiased estimates of the practical use of both tests, data should be collected in a population that has not yet been screened by FIT. We therefore plan to perform an unpaired and paired design trial comparing both FITs. This study will be performed within the target-population of 2014 and 2015 for the nationwide screening program in the South-West region of the Netherlands. For the primary outcome measures positivity rate, diagnostic yield and practical use, we aim to estimate that FOB-Gold is similar to OC-Sensor in a paired design. A potential difference in participation rate between both FIT tests will be estimated in the unpaired design. In total 44,038 invitees will be randomly allocated to receive the OC-Sensor (2019 invitees, the FOB-Gold FIT (2019 invitees) or both FITs (40,000 invitees. The positivity cut-off level for the FOB-Gold test will be the same as is currently used in the nationwide screening program: 15 microgram Hb/gram feces. All study participants with a positive FIT will be invited to a certified colonoscopy centre, as is required in the nation-wide screening program, to undergo a colonoscopy by a certified endoscopist. In addition a survey using validated questionnaires will be performed to evaluate factors affecting ease of use of each test and to assess additional data on smoking and drinking habits and medication use. An additional scope of this call is to establish procedures, logistics and infrastructure for research performed within the national screening program. We aim to perform the study within the logistics of the current nationwide screening program and will also establish a biobank storing the buffer fluid remaining after primary analysis of paired OC-sensor and FOB-Gold samples. This will provide a powerful resource for validating (biomarker) stool tests. Such a validation will be a crucial step before embarking on a prospective design comparison of certain new stool test against the standard of care in the Dutch screening program. Primary outcome measures of our study proposal are participation, positivity rate, diagnostic yield and practical use. In additional analyses we will study the effect of gender, age, smoking and drinking habits, medication use, ethnicity and socio-economic status on the primary outcome measures and calculate conditional differences between the two tests. With these data we will be able to compare the long-term effects of using one or the other FIT test on incidence and mortality of CRC and cost-effectiveness in a nationwide FIT-based program in the Netherlands using the MISCAN model. In addition, this project will yield a biobank of paired FIT samples from two major brands.

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Projectnummer:
200350001
Looptijd: 100%
Looptijd: 100 %
2015
2020
Onderdeel van programma:
Gerelateerde subsidieronde:
Projectleider en penvoerder:
Prof. dr. M.C.W. Spaander
Verantwoordelijke organisatie:
Erasmus MC