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Stress-related prolonged cardiovascular activity: The impact and changeability of stressful cognition without awareness

Projectomschrijving

Langdurig actief

Mensen die veel psychosociale stressoren meemaken hebben 2 tot 4 keer zo veel kans op hart- en vaatziekten. Een mogelijke oorzaak is dat bij deze mensen het hart- en vaatstelsel langdurig actief is, zonder een fysieke reden (zoals beweging). Dit kan leiden tot schade aan dit stelsel.  

Perseveratieve cognitie

Deze langdurige ‘additionele’ activiteit lijkt niet zozeer door stressoren zelf te worden veroorzaakt, maar door het voortdurend ‘mentaal representeren’ van deze stressoren. We noemen deze representaties perseveratieve cognitie (zoals o.a. piekeren, rumineren). Er zijn sterke aanwijzingen dat een groot deel van perseveratieve cognitie onbewust is, terwijl het toch aanzienlijke hart- en vaateffecten heeft.

Onderzoek met draagbare apparatuur

We gaan dit onderzoeken met laboratoriumexperimenten en draagbare apparatuur in het dagelijks leven. Tevens onderzoeken we of we onbewuste perseveratieve cognitie en hart- en vaatactiviteit kunnen verminderen met behulp van computergestuurde cognitieve trainingen. De verkregen kennis zal een bijdrage leveren aan de vraag waarom stress mensen ziek kan maken.

Producten

Titel: Werkstress en gezondheid: ziek van het gepieker?
Titel: Perseverative cognition and physiological stress recovery
Titel: Our body responds to stressors that never happen and we are not even aware of it
Titel: Keeping the trouble 'online': The role of (unconscious) perseverative cognition in stress and health
Titel: Prolonged non-metabolic heart rate variability reduction as a physiological marker of psychological stress in daily life
Auteur: Brosschot, J.F., Verkuil, B., Lane, R.D, * Thayer, R.D.
Titel: Subliminally induced stress increases cardiovascular activity
Titel: Het trainen van piekeren in het dagelijks leven: mobiele interventie studie
Titel: Changing Mental Health and Positive Psychological Well-Being Using Ecological Momentary Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Auteur: Versluis A., Verkuil, B., Spinhoven, Ph., van der Ploeg, M., &, Jos Brosschot, J.F.
Titel: Unconscious Stress: Neural and peripheral psychological correlates.
Titel: Can unconscious stress increase cardiovascular activity?
Titel: Increasing self-esteem using subliminal evaluative conditioning: a replication study
Auteur: Versluis, A., Verkuil, B., & Brosschot, J.F.
Titel: Perseverative Cognition
Titel: Het trainen van piekeren in het dagelijks leven: mobiele interventie studie. VGZ zorgverzekering, Arnhem, 2014.
Titel: Keeping the trouble 'online': The role of (unconscious) perseverative cognition in stress and health.
Titel: Keeping the trouble 'online': The role of (unconscious) perseverative cognition in stress and health.
Titel: Pilotstudie naar de implementatie en effectiviteit van een stress-reductie training via de smartphone
Auteur: Versluis, A., Verkuil, B., Spinhoven, Ph., van der Ploeg, M.M., & Brosschot, J.F.
Titel: The possibility of unconscious perseverative cognition
Titel: Stress, cognitive sensitization and disease
Auteur: Brosschot, J.F.
Titel: Unconscious Stress: Neural and peripheral psychological correlates
Titel: Recent advances in understanding the link between heart rate variability and emotion: From the subliminal to the real life.
Auteur: Thayer, J.F., & Brosschot, J.F.
Titel: Unconscious stress and somatic health.
Titel: Unconscious emotions and physiological activity during experimental and daily stress.
Titel: Self-reported ruminative tendencies and resting heart rate variability: implications for the perseverative cognition hypothesis.
Auteur: Bernardi, A., Williams, D.P., Koenig, J., Brosschot, J.F., & Thayer, J.F.
Magazine: Psychosomatic Medicine
Titel: Gender differences in the impact of daily sadness on 24-h heart rate variability
Auteur: Verkuil, Bart, Brosschot, Jos F., Marques, Andrea H., Kampschroer, Kevin, Sternberg, Esther M., Thayer, Julian F.
Magazine: Psychophysiology
Titel: Does unconscious stress play a role in cardiovascular recovery?
Auteur: Brosschot J.F., Geurts S.A.E., Kruizinga I., Radstaak M., Verkuil B., Quirin, M. & Kompier M.A.J.
Magazine: Stress and Health
Titel: Work-family conflict and subjective health complaints: the role of rumination and work-family facilitation.
Titel: Unconscious stress: subliminally presented fear conditioned stimuli affect cardiovascular activity.
Titel: Piekeren en rumineren en fysieke gezondheid: een meta-analyse
Auteur: Verkuil B. & Brosschot J.F.
Magazine: Directieve Therapie
Titel: Peripheral physiological responses to subliminally presented negative affective stimuli: A systematic review
Auteur: van der Ploeg, Melanie M., Brosschot, Jos F., Versluis, Anke, Verkuil, Bart
Magazine: Biological Psychology
Titel: Inducing unconscious stress: Cardiovascular activity in response to subliminal presentation of threatening and neutral words
Auteur: van der Ploeg, Melanie M., Brosschot, Jos F., Verkuil, Bart, Gillie, Brandon L., Williams, DeWayne P., Koenig, Julian, Vasey, Michael W., Thayer, Julian F.
Magazine: International Journal of Psychophysiology
Titel: Changing Mental Health and Positive Psychological Well-Being Using Ecological Momentary Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Auteur: Versluis, Anke, Verkuil, Bart, Spinhoven, Philip, van der Ploeg, Melanie M, Brosschot, Jos F
Magazine: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Titel: Exposed to events that never happen: Generalized unsafety, the default stress response, and prolonged autonomic activity
Auteur: Brosschot, Jos F., Verkuil, Bart, Thayer, Julian F.
Magazine: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Titel: Measuring unconscious stress: the Implicit Positive And Negative Affect Test and cardiovascular activity after anger harassment
Titel: Anger in brain and body: the neural and physiological perturbation of decision-making by emotion
Auteur: Garfinkel, Sarah N., Zorab, Emma, Navaratnam, Nakulan, Engels, Miriam, Mallorquí-Bagué, Núria, Minati, Ludovico, Dowell, Nicholas G., Brosschot, Jos F., Thayer, Julian F., Critchley, Hugo D.
Magazine: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
Titel: Reducing worry and subjective health complaints: A randomized trial of an internet-delivered worry postponement intervention
Auteur: Versluis, Anke, Verkuil, Bart, Brosschot, Jos F.
Magazine: British Journal of Health Psychology
Titel: More than meets the mind: Worries and implicit affect are associated with cortisol in daily life.
Titel: Does Unconscious Stress Play a Role in Prolonged Cardiovascular Stress Recovery?
Auteur: Brosschot, J. F., Geurts, S. A. E., Kruizinga, I., Radstaak, M., Verkuil, B., Quirin, M., Kompier, M. A. J.
Magazine: Stress and Health
Titel: The restless mind: Default mode of operation or risk factor for health?
Auteur: Ottaviani, C., Gillie, B., Smallwood, J., Brosschot, J.F. & Thayer, J.F.
Magazine: Psychosomatic Medicine
Titel: The effects of subliminally shown fear-conditioned images on heart rate and blood pressure.
Titel: Physiological concomitants of perseverative cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Auteur: Ottaviani, Cristina, Thayer, Julian F., Verkuil, Bart, Lonigro, Antonia, Medea, Barbara, Couyoumdjian, Alessandro, Brosschot, Jos F.
Magazine: Psychological Bulletin
Titel: A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT)
Auteur: Quirin, Markus, Wróbel, Monika, Norcini Pala, Andrea, Stieger, Stefan, Brosschot, Jos, Kazén, Miguel, Hicks, Joshua A., Mitina, Olga, Shanchuan, Dong, Lasauskaite, Ruta, Silvestrini, Nicolas, Steca, Patrizia, Padun, Maria A., Kuhl, Julius
Magazine: European Journal of Psychological Assessment
Titel: Cardiovascular responses to stress below threshold of awareness in high and low level worriers International
Titel: The default response to uncertainty and the importance of perceived safety in anxiety and stress: An evolution-theoretical perspective
Auteur: Brosschot, Jos F., Verkuil, Bart, Thayer, Julian F.
Magazine: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Titel: Ambulatory assessed implicit affect is associated with salivary cortisol
Auteur: Mossink, J., Verkuil, B., Burger, A.M., Tollenaar, M.S., Brosschot J.F.
Magazine: Frontiers in Psychology
Titel: Subliminally induced stress increases cardiovascular activity.
Titel: When thoughts can break your heart: mechanisms linking perseverative cognition to health risk
Auteur: Brosschot, J.F., Thayer, J.F., Ottaviani, C., Hill, L.K, Verkuil, B., & Zoccola, P.
Magazine: Psychosomatic Medicine
Titel: The Effects of Perseverative Cognition on Diverse Physiological Responses: An Integrative View
Auteur: Thayer, J.F., Ottaviani, C., Verkuil, B., & Brosschot, J.F.
Magazine: Psychosomatic Medicine
Titel: Resting heart rate variability and lay theories of inhibition predict physiological responses to subliminal stimuli
Auteur: Watson, Q.M., Williams, D.P., van der Ploeg, M.M.. Koenig, J., Vasey, M.W., Brosschot, J.F., & Thayer, J.F.
Magazine: Psychosomatic Medicine
Titel: Measuring the unreportable: tests of unconscious stress and cardiovascular activity
Auteur: Brosschot, Jos F., Verkuil, Bart, van der Ploeg, Melanie M., Thayer, Julian F.
Magazine: International Journal of Psychophysiology
Titel: Prolonged Non-metabolic Heart Rate Variability Reduction as a Physiological Marker of Psychological Stress in Daily Life
Auteur: Verkuil, Bart, Brosschot, Jos F., Tollenaar, Marieke S., Lane, Richard D., Thayer, Julian F.
Magazine: Annals of Behavioral Medicine
Titel: Cardiac reactivity to and recovery from acute stress: temporal associations with implicit anxiety
Auteur: Verkuil, B., Brosschot, J.F., & Thayer, J.F.
Magazine: International Journal of Psychophysiology
Titel: Subliminally induced stress increased cardiovascular activity.
Titel: The Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test: Validity and Relationship with Cardiovascular Stress-Responses
Auteur: van der Ploeg, Melanie M., Brosschot, Jos F., Thayer, Julian F., Verkuil, Bart
Magazine: Frontiers in Psychology
Titel: Piekeren en lichamelijke gezondheid: een literatuuroverzicht
Auteur: Verkuil, B. & Brosschot, J.F.
Magazine: Gedragstherapie
Titel: Examining vagally mediated heart rate variability during rest as a marker of reduced cardiac reactivity to psychological stress.
Titel: Anger in Body and Brain: Elevated Blood Pressure Impedes Reaction Time and Diminishes Neural Activity in Attention and Visual Areas During a Decision Making Task.
Titel: Prolonged non-Metabolic Heart Rate Variability Reduction as a Physiological Marker of Psychological Stress in Daily Life
Auteur: Verkuil, B. & Brosschot, J.F., Tollenaar, M.S., Lane, R.D., Thayer, J.F.
Magazine: Psychosomatic Medicine
Titel: Reducing worry and somatic health complaints: examining the effectiveness of an internet-delivered worry postponement intervention.
Titel: Open source ambulatory system to measure "additional" or "non-metabolic" heart rate variability
Titel: Interview TV-gids
Titel: Leidse Universiteit onderzoekt werkbeleving en informatieverwerking
Titel: Verminderen van (werk)stress en gepieker via de smartphone? Universiteit Leiden onderzoekt of een mobiele training werk
Titel: Gepieker is niet onschuldig en vraagt aanpak
Titel: Waarom komen doembeelden zo vaak 's nachts? En wat is ertegen te doen?
Titel: Stop piekeren met een app
Titel: A smartphone app to train mindfulness on a multiple hourly / daily basis:
Titel: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine
Auteur: Verkuil, B. & Brosschot, J.F.,
Titel: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine
Auteur: Brosschot, J.F., Verkuil, B. & Thayer, J.F.
Titel: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine
Auteur: Brosschot, J.F. & Verkuil, B.

Verslagen


Samenvatting van de aanvraag

Psychosocial stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly specified. Researchers have focused mainly on the magnitude of the cardiovascular (CV) response to stressors as they are occurring (often over a period of minutes), but have neglected the duration of the exposure. The latter often outlasts the stressful events themselves, because the effects of a stressor, including the resultant thoughts and negative affect, often do not end when the stressful situation ends and indeed, the effect may last minutes or hours or in some cases years. Moreover, one may anticipate, or worry, about future events, and such thoughts and affect do not necessarily wait for the stressor to begin: the cognitive and affective processes may be activated long before the event ever occurs. We have referred to this process as “perseverative cognition” (PC). Thus, stressful events can continuously exert effects on the CV and other biological systems, through PC, which over time will result in dysregulation of those systems (e.g., higher blood pressure (BP) resting levels) and, ultimately, will result in poor clinical outcomes. Our prior research suggests that individuals tend to be unaware of most PC, although such thoughts and feelings still can increase CV activity. Developments in unconscious cognition research allow us to study unconscious PC (UPC) with scientific rigor. Researchers have suggested that indeed most cognition is “unconscious thought” which means that it occurs while one’s attention cannot be directed toward it or is directed elsewhere. It is possible, therefore, that most of the stress research has missed the essential phenomena by focusing solely on the conscious “tip of the iceberg”. We propose to test the hypothesis that UPC is responsible for a considerable part of CV activity that occurs even in the absence of threats and other stressors that one may encounter in one’s daily life. Our data support a role for UPC. First, in daily life, we found that worry was linked to cardiac activity, and this activity persisted for hours after the worry itself had ended. Second, we found that that these effects occurred during sleep. Neither result is explained by conscious PC. We also found evidence that BP can be increased by threatening stimuli that are presented subliminally, an accepted experimental model of unconscious cognition. We propose three projects that, taken together, will provide insight into the question of the mechanisms by which psychosocial stress is linked to CVD: Project 1 comprises a series of controlled experiments to be conducted in our psychophysiology laboratory, in which we will test the hypothesis that UPC causes changes in three biological measures that are linked to CVD: Heart rate variability (HRV), which will be the primary parameter, and BP and total peripheral resistance (TPR). To induce UPC we will use four approaches: (1) subliminal threatening stimuli; (2) subliminal conditioned threat stimuli (i.e. neutral stimuli that are previously coupled to mild electric shocks); preventing conscious PC using a distracting task following (3) a laboratory stressor, and following (4) worry induction. Project 2 (which will occur in the natural environment) will assess whether and to what extent low HRV in daily life is explained by UPC. During several days, in volunteers, we will detect all periods of decreased HRV that are not explained by physical activity, called ‘additional HRV decrease’, and lasting longer than 15 min. By comparing these measures to random periods that are characterized by normal or high HRV from the same volunteer, we will be able to examine whether ‘additional HRV decrease’ is associated with UPC. We will also examine whether decreased HRV during sleep is associated with UPC. Project 3 will test whether interventions that reduce UPC also decrease CV activity. We will test and compare two short, internet-assisted interventions that reduce two cognitive biases that are prevalent under stress and of which people are generally not aware: The tendency to attend to threatening information at the cost of neutral and positive information, and the tendency to negatively evaluate oneself. The interventions will train volunteers’ brains to automatically attend more to neutral and positive information, or to automatically evaluate themselves more positively. We hypothesize that one or both of these interventions by reducing UPC will in turn reduce BP, TPR and increase HRV in the lab and in daily life. The proposed projects will show whether UPC causes increased CV activity and explains a considerable part of increased CV activity in daily life. If so, this result will stimulate an entirely new area of CV risk research, and general stress research, and potentially yield methods that reduce CVD risk in the future.

Onderwerpen

Kenmerken

Projectnummer:
91211029
Looptijd: 100%
Looptijd: 100 %
2012
2017
Onderdeel van programma:
Gerelateerde subsidieronde:
Projectleider en penvoerder:
Dr. J.F. Brosschot
Verantwoordelijke organisatie:
Universiteit Leiden